Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF AFGHANISTAN SAND EXTRACT

نویسندگان

  • K. PRABHAKARAN
  • P. G. GUNASEKAR
  • K. Prabhakaran
  • P. Gunasekar
چکیده

Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. U.S. troops deployed to the Middle East are often exposed to dust storms with particulate matter levels above the military exposure guideline which can result in an increased incidence of pulmonary diseases. The present study evaluated the effects of the soluble components of Afghanistan sand on rat dopaminergic neuronal cells. Sterilized sand samples were extracted overnight in serum free media and exposed at various concentrations (0-500 mg/ml) to the neuronal cells. Following 24 hr cytotoxicity was assessed estimating cellular release of LDH and MTT. Sand extract exposed cells showed increased LDH release dose-dependently with significant increase at higher concentrations, and decreased MTT metabolism. In addition, extract exposure resulted in significant reduction in antioxidant capacity with an elevation of reactive oxygen species. However, N-acetyl cysteine pretreated cells showed decreased ROS and cytotoxicity. This indicated that Afghanistan sand extracts produced cytotoxicity through an oxidative stress mechanism. Moreover, the toxicity was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction followed by release of cytochrome C and increased caspase-3 activity. All these activated apoptotic components were significantly reduced in the presence of cyclosporine A, NAC or z-VAD. Taken together, results indicate that soluble components of Afghanistan sands can be toxic to neuronal cells in culture by enhancing ROS and impairing mitochondrial function.

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تاریخ انتشار 2013